A patient at the end of life is confused and anxious, likely due to therapy with opioids and corticosteroids. Which nursing action best supports this patient?

• A. A Assess for spiritual distress
• B. B Encourage consumption of ice chips
• C. C Assess the patient’s tolerance for activities
• D. D Stay physically close to the frightened patient

Answer: (D)

Staying physically close to the frightened patient is the most supportive approach because presence itself provides immediate reassurance, safety, and a sense that someone is attending to them. In end-of-life care, when confusion and anxiety can be amplified by opioids and corticosteroids, a calm, steady presence helps reduce fear and agitation, even before other interventions take effect. The nurse’s proximity allows for soothing communication, gentle touch, and nonverbal cues that communicate care and trust, and it enables quick response to distress, pain, or needs as they arise. While addressing spiritual needs, hydration, or activity tolerance is important, none of those actions offers the same immediate comfort and security as being physically present with the patient.